Load-Deflection Behavior of Cast-In-Place and Retrofit Concrete Anchors Subjected To Static, Fatigue, And Impact Tensile Loads

The purpose of this study was to investigate the design and behavior of single cast-in-place and retrofit concrete anchors under static, fatigue, and impact tensile loads. The following types of anchors were tested: (1) Cast-in-place anchor bolts and embeds; and (2) Retrofit anchors-- (a) Adhesive anchors (epoxy, polyester, and vinylester); (b) Grouted anchors; (c) Expansion anchors (torque-controlled); and (d) Undercut anchors. The study described in this report involved 178 tests. Load-deflection behavior was recorded for each test. Behavior of adhesive anchors was studied with respect to variations in installation, orientation (vertical, horizontal, and overhead), and in hole cleaning techniques. Most anchors had a 5/8-in. nominal diameter. Required embedment lengths for the cast-in-place anchors were estimated using the criteria of ACI 349 Appendix B. Embedment lengths for the embeds, expansion, undercut, and some adhesive anchors were determined by the individual anchor manufacturer, and some anchors were only available in fixed lengths. Behavior modes of anchors were identified under static, fatigue, and impact tensile loads, and anchor types were categorized according to these behavior modes. Recommendations are given for embedment depths and installation techniques for anchors of each type. Recommendations are made for further research, some of which will be addressed in future reports produced by this project.